Nivea s Brand Architecture And Hierarchy Essay - 833 Words

†¢ For the NIVEA case, please answer the following questions: ââ€" ¦ What are the sources of Nivea’s brand equity? Image, uniqueness, and favorability are the sources of Nivea’s brand equity. Nivea means â€Å"snow white† in Latin. The famous NIVEA Creme blue tin with white lettering was a familiar sight in the world. Nivea is the first company introducing Q-10, an anti-aging enzyme, into skin cream. Nivea is also known as a complete caretaker of skin. It provides skin care products for the whole family. Most of the household use the product when they were in infants, but it is good for everyone in the family. Also, the price is very reasonable. ââ€" ¦ Evaluate Nivea’s brand architecture and hierarchy NIVEA is an universe brand. All sub brands are covered under NIVEA Creme. The Nivea brand has always been closely connected with consumers. NIVEA products are good for everyone in the whole household. Nivea is a truly global product, and its product are same everywhere. ââ€" ¦ Evaluate Nivea’s brand extension strategy Brand Extension is one of the new product development strategies. It can reduce financial risk by using the parent brand name. Nivea had used brand extension strategy to tap into new sets of consumers. Nivea is using umbrella branding strategy to introduce the sub brand products to the market. All sub brands are covered under NIVEA Creme. The advantage of using umbrella branding strategy is the capitalization on one single name. It also helps new productsShow MoreRelatedBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 PagesBRAND BUILDING BLOCKS Building Strong Brands: Why Is It Hard? It is not easy to build brands in today s environment. The brand builder who attempts to develop a strong brand is like a golfer playing on a course with heavy roughs, deep sand traps, sharp doglegs, and vast water barriers. It is difficult to score well in such conditions. Substantial pressures and barriers, both internal and external, can inhibit the brand builder. To be able to develop effective brand strategies, it is useful toRead MoreMarketing Management Mcq Test Bank53975 Words   |  216 PagesMarketing Management, 14e (Kotler/Keller) Chapter 9 Creating Brand Equity 1) The first step in the strategic brand management process is ________. A) measuring consumer brand loyalty B) identifying and establishing brand positioning C) planning and implementing brand marketing D) measuring and interpreting brand performance E) growing and sustaining brand value Answer: B Page Ref: 241 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytic skills Difficulty: Easy 2) The American Marketing Association defines a _ _______ asRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 Pagesprofitability of a companys products and services. C) It focuses solely on attaining an organizations sales goals in an efficient manner. D) It is defined as the field that deals with planning and managing a business at the highest level of corporate hierarchy. E) It occurs when at least one party to a potential exchange thinks about the means of achieving desired responses from other parties. Answer: E Page Ref: 5 Objective: 2 Difficulty: Moderate 4) A social definition of marketing saysRead MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 Pages 6:52 PM Page ii 100092 00 i-vi r1 rr.qxp 5/13/11 6:52 PM Page iii THE INNOVATOR’S DNA MASTERING THE FIVE SKILLS OF DISRUPTIVE INNOVATORS Jeff Dyer Hal Gregersen Clayton M. Christensen H A R VA R D B U S I N E S S R E V I E W P R E S S BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 100092 00 i-vi r1 rr.qxp 5/13/11 6:52 PM Page iv Copyright 2011 Jeff Dyer, Hal Gregersen, and Clayton M. Christensen All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4

How I Make Standard Automobiles More Eco Friendly

How To Make Standard Automobiles More Eco-friendly There are many ways to make cars more Eco-friendly, but the least common way is to change the engine to run on a different form of fuel. Jimmy Buffett changed his van to only run on vegetable oil and now calls it the â€Å"green tomato†. There are many different options for fuel replacements that could save money as well. Converting the engine is the least common but probably the least expensive. If the driver does convert your automobile to a non-fuel using machine, will save money and have your car smelling like a McDonald s french fry The next alternative for the Eco-friendly theme is to consider Eco-drifting. Eco-drifting is an easy way to save gas and money. The driver†¦show more content†¦The average amount of miles an American drives is 13,476 per year. Henry Ford once said, â€Å" I will build a car for the great multitude. It will be large enough for the family, but small enough for the individual to run and care for. It will be constructed or the best materials, by the best men to be hired† (New York Times Par 3). That statement is definitely true because Henry Ford built the Ford Model T which was one of most popular automobile in the 18th century. Henry Ford created one of the biggest car brands in the world. Ford helped Carroll Shelby to construct the Shelby Cobra as well as the Shelby mustang. The most recognizable automotive vehicles manufactured by Ford include the Ford Raptor, GT, Mustang, F-150, F-250, F-350, F-550, Focus, Fiesta, Transit, Taurus, Explorer, Edge, Fusion, Escape, and many more. Many other automotive companies have come and gone, but Ford seems to stay one of the most in demand companies in history. Another famous automotive engineer was Louis Chevrolet. Chevrolet is a competing American automotive dealer. The two most well known car engineers from United States history include Henry Ford and Louis Chevrolet. The two companies have prospered into billion dollar companies. Each year when new automotive models come out the company raises money. In recent sales of 1989 to 2013 the automotive brands fluctuated about who was better. In recent years, the brands traded car of the year spots and

Essay on Three Resons Why Technology Is Good - 558 Words

Have you wondered that technology is a big part of your life? Or maybe too much of your life? But the truth is technology helps us in many ways. Smart phones can help you keep your calendar straight, some personal technology helps improve fitness and exercise, and otehr technology improves life at home with advanced new washers and dryers, microwaves, and automatic coffee machines. In fact, three specific reasons that technology is good is that it saves lives by improving medicine, keeps us connected to each other, and provides education and entertainment. One reason why technology is good is that it has saved many lives. We have new machines to scan bodies and test blood and other fluids so that doctors can find diseases and†¦show more content†¦The internet provides access to an incredible amount of information about history, science, and people and cultures from around the world. So, TV and video games provide considerable entertainment to all ages. Some people say that technology like video games might lead to a more violent or obese population, but some games might lead to physical activities. The evidence on violence was mixed, but recent results say that it has no effect or perhaps a negative effect on violence. The reason is that people may be getting their anger out by using the games, and perhaps most important is that young males who might cause violence spend more time playing games and less time going out and starting trouble. In addition, both the Wii and Xbox 360 have games that involve exercise. They should get children and adults moving! Some people also say that technology that helps us be more connected also keeps us from being in the ‘here and now’, taking time to think more deeply, and having deeper conversations with the people we are with. This can be a problem, but parents can limit the cell phone time of their children and adults can work to limit their time on cell phones. Technology has already shown some downsides like texting family instead of spending time with them face to face but some of but hopefully will change. In conclusion, technology is good because it improves medicine and saves lives ,and provides education andShow MoreRelatedReson: Making Development Teams Accountable for Short Project Cycles: Case Study3006 Words   |  13 PagesTerm Paper RESON: MAKING DEVELOPMENT TEAMS ACCOUNTABLE FOR SHORT PROJECT CYCLES: Case Study by XXXXX XXXXXX Professor XXXXXX XXXXXX University January 30, 2015 Content Company Background 2 Company’s Structure and Strategies 3 Specific Problems Read MoreTata Nano Case Study1425 Words   |  6 Pagesmerging and persuade them to produce components at lower cost . The vendors had to invest in new processes and methods to reengineer their products to specifications that were rigidly guided by cost , performance and regulatory compliances. 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Australian Pharmaceutical Scheme Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and the Consumption of Medicines in Australia. Answer: A publication is annually held in Australia regarding the statistics of medicine based on the production of its drug. The utilization of drug is also taken into account. ASM estimates the use of drugs by aggregate community by maintaining a data. The use of medicines that are prescribed by the doctors is necessary to able to intake in Australia. ASM represents Australian Statistics on Medicine, which maintains the procedure of publication of drugs. It is regulated by DUSC, which is mainly referred as Drug Utilization Sub-Committee, which is a part of the committee of pharmaceutical Advisory Benefits (Pearson et al., 2015). It is essential to have drug utilization that is comprehensive, as they are needed for a large number of purposes. The purposes range from evaluation and targeting the initiative of quality use of medicines. The Pharmaceutical Industry also needs it as it helps the authorities of the financing and regulatory authorities. The main aim of ASM is to put valid and comprehensive statistics on the use of medicines into the public domain in Australia (Schaffer et al., 2016). In order to enhance the healthy outcomes and the quality of medicines used in Australia, there is encouragement for International Collaboration about utilization of drugs. It can be found out in the publication of International data facilities available in Australia (Page et al., 2015). PBS processing is done for providing a summary on prescriptions and maintaining its expenditure. There are availability of various charts and tables for the processing of cost, prescription volume and drug utilization. The Department of Government Human Resource in Australia helps in providing wide range of statistical information about various programs on Medicare (Currow Sansom 2014). These programs include, MBS ( Medicare Benefits Schedule ), PBS ( Pharmaceutical Benefits Schedule ), RPBS ( Repatriation Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, AODR ( Australian Organ Donar Register ), AIR ( Australian Immunization Register) and PIP ( Practice Incentives Programme). Online report of Groups and BS Item use codes of PBS items, ATC classifications or patient categories. The reports on the expenditure of the drugs that are highly specialized provides with a summary of the National expenditure. This expenditure on drugs is dispensed through Community Access, Private Hospitals or Public Hospitals. This data is quarterly reported in the present financial year along with the last two financial years as well (Thai et al., 2016). The Date of supplying tablets and the date of processing provides PSB the information about expenditure under section 85. The information is updated once in particular month, mainly around its second week. The ATC groups are also included in their scheme, including with the market share and PBS sales (Vitry Roughead 2014). The pharmaceutical expenditure has risen faster than the economy in Australia presently. It has leapt up to 1.1 % of gross domestic product from a mere 0.6%. The PBS expenditure has also rose from 5 to 8 percent on a routine basis. This growth is due party by the increased utilization and the increased price of dispensed medications (Mellish et al. 2015). The expenditure on health per capital of different nations for 12 years from 1995 to 2017 is given below: Figure 1: Health expenditure per capita (Source: OECD data, 2010) The expenditure on PBS is a component that is growing at knots. It is growing around 15 to 20 % every year. If there is a continuity of its growth, then PBS will exceed on all hospitals in the recent years to come. The listing of an item on PBS leads in commitment of Government expenditure significantly. Since 1993, a decision was started to check whether the drugs that were sold, actually were cost effective (Blanch et al. 2015). In 1987, the legalization on the analysis of cost-effectiveness was passed. Other details on submission listing, incorporating analysis of cost effectiveness was passed in 1990 and its definitive guidelines in the year 1992. A drug can be listed in PBS only if it follows certain criteria. They are as follows: Needed for significant medical treatment or its prevention, that is not covered. It can also be of not effective cost. The drugs must be less toxic, more effective than the drug that is listed already for benefiting the same issue and is accepted for its cost effectiveness. If the drug is more effective or shows symptoms of speedy recovery besides being safe. The legality of drugs is taken into account by PBPA on the basis of certain steps listed below, They look out on the cost effectiveness and criticality of drugs. Researching on the prices of alternative brands of the same drug. Comparing the price of drugs that are ranging in same group of therapeutic drugs. Estimation of cost information provided by supplier. Taking in account economies of scale, prescription volumes and all other factors like storage requirements, date expiration, special manufacturing requirements and product stability. Checking the price of the particular drugs in other overseas countries which are relevant. The PBS (Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme) refers to a programme of the Australian Government. Here, the Government provides subsidized prescribed drugs to the residents of Australia. They also prescribe drugs for foreign visitors, covered by an agreement of Reciprocal Health Care. The total benefit that has been dispensed under the scheme is given below: Figure 2: Community prescription dispensed (Source: Created by Author) In Australia, the cost of consumption of medicine is quite high when compared the other countries. In most cases, the Australians are paying four times greater value than that of their price in the international market for most of the drugs that are prescribed by the doctors. As a result of which nearly about 6% patients in Australia delays or avoid taking essential medicines due to their cost. According to the report published by Grattan Institute, it is stated that the cost of some medicines in Australia is 3.7 times more than their international prices that is unacceptably high. Prices of 19 Australian drugs were compared with that of the prices prevailing in UK, Canada and New Zealand and it was found that even after the 2nd round of cutting of the price of the drugs, it was still 3.7 times higher on an average than that of the best benchmark price. After assessing the reports it was found that the prices of the drugs in Australia was almost as twice as the same drugs costs in UK and 3.1 times higher than they actually costs in New Zealand. A fact that the governments price disclosure policy was performing quite slowly was also added in the report. According to the report of an established health economist Stephen Duckett, many years had taken to achieve a policy that led to a considerable cut to the price of generic drugs in Australia. It is also included in the report that savings of government, tax payers and patient would be much more that what actually is if an efficient policy would have been taken place. From the above discussion it is clear that the cost of prescription drugs are significantly high is Australia. For example, Anaztrozole is a medicine that is used to cure breast cancer. In US, the market price of 30 tablets of 1mg medicine is $2.45 whereas the same medicine of same quantity in Australia costs $19.20 that is nearly about 10 times more that it cost in US. There are some reasons behind high cost of drugs in Australia such as: No Price control- The Australian government has limited or no control over majority drugs that are supplied in the market as a result of which drug makers sets their own price without anyones interference. Competition is Limited Majority of the drugs in Australia has no real competition to keep the price level at a reasonable rate. Only one or two companies make those drugs as a result of which they charge high price for those medicines. High cost of Production Development cost and production cost for few medicines are increasing in Australia. Moreover the cost of conducting research is also becoming quite expensive as a result of which the price of the medicines are also increasing. The Department of Health, Australian Government, it is found that Atorvastatin is the most commonly prescribed drug in Australia which is used to fight against high blood cholesterol level, curing pneumonia and also to reduce stomach disorders. Perindopril takes the second position in the list used to treat high blood pressure that is the second most frequently used medicine in Australia. At the third place comes Rosuvastatin that is also used to treat heart diseases, high cholesterol level, etc. The different other types of medicines that are consumed on daily basis in Australia are ESOMEPRAZOLE, PARACETAMOL, PANTOPRAZOLE, PERINDOPRIL, AMOXYCILLIN, CAFALEXIN, AMOXYCILLIN with CLAVULANIC ACID and many more. The Several issues relating to the Pharmaceutical Benefit Scheme are listed below: Issues regarding confidentiality Maintaining the confidentiality of Pharmaceutical Benefit Scheme is now a big problem. The government has legally issued clear cut instruction to maintain transparency which include the fact that it is necessary to make the public aware that such system of PBS exist (Daniels et al., 2017 ). Problems of future competitors The government anticipates that how expansion of the proposed deed is necessary before the enactment of the deed if other medicines are to be used in the same population. Thus, equality among the competing medicines are confirmed by this deed (Faunce, 2015). Problem relating to execution Execution of the scheme is leading to some issues. The sponsor and the department must negotiate the deed and finalize during PBAC recommendation and PBS listing. Simultaneously with the process of finalizing the prices, they take place. It is also mentioned that both the parties must execute the deed before the cut-off date (Parkinson et al., 2015). Issues regarding timeliness An essential step towards PBC-subsidizing of a drug is positive recommendation for listing by PBAC. Although before a drug is to be subsidized, there are a certain numbers of steps that are need to be followed and these process entirely consumes a lot of time (Brett et al. 2017). Such steps includes approval from cabinet, pricing, etc References Blanch, B., Pearson, S. A., Haber, P. S. (2014). An overview of the patterns of prescription opioid use, costs and related harms in Australia.British journal of clinical pharmacology,78(5), 1159-1166. Brett, J., Karanges, E. A., Daniels, B., Buckley, N. A., Schneider, C., Nassir, A., ... Pearson, S. A. (2017). Psychotropic medication use in Australia, 2007 to 2015: Changes in annual incidence, prevalence and treatment exposure.Australian New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 0004867417721018. Currow, D. C., Sansom, L. N. (2014). Uptake of medicines and prescribing patterns in the palliative care schedule of the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme.The Medical journal of Australia,200(10), 560-561. Daniels, B., Lord, S. J., Kiely, B. E., Houssami, N., Haywood, P., Lu, C. Y., ... Pearson, S. A. (2017). Use and outcomes of targeted therapies in early and metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer in Australia: protocol detailing observations in a whole of population cohort.BMJ open,7(1), e014439. Faunce, T. (2015). How the Australia-US free trade agreement compromised the pharmaceutical benefits scheme.Australian Journal of International Affairs,69(5), 473-478. Mellish, L., Karanges, E. A., Litchfield, M. J., Schaffer, A. L., Blanch, B., Daniels, B. J., ... Pearson, S. A. (2015). The Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme data collection: a practical guide for researchers.BMC research notes,8(1), 634. Page, E., Kemp-Casey, A., Korda, R., Banks, E. (2015). Using Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme data for pharmacoepidemiological research: challenges and approaches.Public Health Res Pract,25(4), e2541546. Parkinson, B., Sermet, C., Clement, F., Crausaz, S., Godman, B., Garner, S., ... Elshaug, A. G. (2015). Disinvestment and value-based purchasing strategies for pharmaceuticals: an international review.Pharmacoeconomics,33(9), 905-924. Pearson, S. A., Pesa, N., Langton, J. M., Drew, A., Faedo, M., Robertson, J. (2015). Studies using Australia's Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme data for pharmacoepidemiological research: a systematic review of the published literature (19872013).Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety,24(5), 447-455. Schaffer, A. L., Buckley, N. A., Cairns, R., Pearson, S. A. (2016). Interrupted time series analysis of the effect of rescheduling alprazolam in Australia: taking control of prescription drug use.JAMA internal medicine,176(8), 1223-1225. Thai, L. P., Moss, J. R., Godman, B., Vitry, A. I. (2016). Cost driver analysis of statin expenditure on Australias Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme.Expert review of pharmacoeconomics outcomes research,16(3), 419-433. Vitry, A., Roughead, E. (2014). Managed entry agreements for pharmaceuticals in Australia.Health Policy,117(3), 345-352.