Goan Literature and Translation! Essay

Goa has been reflected in many ways. It is sometimes reflected through people, through its culture and sometimes through literature. Goan reflection is nothing but the projection of Goa as a land, Goa’s socio-economic life and contemporary Goan expressions. According to Prof. Peter Nazareth â€Å"Goans have written in thirteen languages. Goans meditate between cultures, Goans live between different cultures, Goans are travelers from one part to another†¦. We can understand different cultures and help people from different cultures understand one another. But the disadvantage is that if we don’t work on it, we may end up not knowing who we are. † Today Goa is portrayed as something different than what it is in reality. And not just the media is to be blamed but also the Goans are to be blamed who allowed themselves to be portrayed in a negative manner. Goan literature is one of the important tools which reflect Goa in its true sense. But the problem with Goan literature was that most of the literature was written in local languages like Konkani and Marathi and only a few people could read and understand what Goa actually is and what are the issues related to this land. The solution to tackle this problem is nothing else but translation. 1. 2. Translation: Bridging Gaps The dictionary meaning of the word â€Å"translation† is â€Å"to express in another language or other words†. It’s also the transference and substitution from one to another language. Translation according to Dr. Johnson involves the process of change into another language, retaining the sense which is the basic objective. The main process is to search for the right words. A translation is both imitation as well as a faithful creation as well as free, i.e. why a translated literary work is viewed not as an exact replica of the original but a version of it. Translation is not only a linguistic activity but also a cultural one because it involves a study of culture. The western translators in the past considered translations as subsidiary and derogative and they believed that translation did not have much dignity. But the Indians believed that translation is a valuable activity. And thus high amount of work has been done in India in the field of translation. Many works from Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Marathi, and Hindi have been translated into English. A few important translations from regional languages to English are Gora By Rabindranath Tagore originally written in Bengali and then translated in English by many translators, â€Å"Samskara† by U. R. Anathamurthy originally written in Kannada and then translated into English by A. K. Ramanujan, â€Å"Tamas† by Bhism Sahani originally written in Hindi but then the author himself translated the work into English. As well as different texts from one language have been translated into other Indian languages. Translation has, in recent years added an immeasurable dimension to our awareness of the layered texture, the resonance and the depth of Indian society. It has enhanced knowledge of our multilingual, multicultural personality. Indeed, only through good translations can there be communication and understanding of continuum of other common heritage. Translation from Konkani does more than that; it creates awareness of the very existence of the language and region. Translation enriches comprehension of a wounded culture, the bond of language that unites a dispersed community, and the values that have sustained it.

Adolescent Interview Essay

When picking my adolescent I had quite a few choices to pick from but I decided on my adolescent 15 year old sister since I know a lot about her and have seen first-hand how she is coping with this adolescent stage. Patricia is a normal 15 year old girl still in high school. She lives in a household of 7 with 3 older siblings and one younger one. She mentioned that she lived in a small home with three dogs, two fish, a bird and six other humans. Both her parents are field workers so they aren’t really at home much. Patricia has a younger 7 year old sister that she pays attention to a lot, they have a really close relationship, and she cares for her younger sister when her mother is at work. Patricia is in a special program in her high school called the International Bachelorette Program â€Å"IB,† this program challenges high school students and gives them and idea of what college is like after they graduate. She gets a lot of homework every day for all her classes, she manages to do all of it and still helps take care of her younger sibling. I think my teenager didn’t quite fit in the conceptions people have of a typical adolescent. She seems to be really close to her family. When I asked her what her family life was like I was surprised with the answer she gave me. She said she loved her family and that they were the best. Most teens at her age tend to distance themselves when they hit puberty. Puberty brings an increase in parent-child conflict- psychological distancing that may, in part be a modern substitute for physical departure from the family. (Berk, 2012, p.541.) According to what my teen said about her family life, she has a very good relationship with her family; her parents seem to play an important role in how hard she is working on her education and her good grades since she mentioned that school was really important to her because her mother wanted her to have a better life for herself. I believe that my teen interviewee has reached the stage of formal operational thinking. When I asked her what if people had no thumbs she gave me a bunch of explanations as to what would happen if such a thing were true. She said people wouldn’t be able to text, suck their thumbs, cover the sun, be able to thumb print criminals for criminal cases, be able to write, click on the computer mouse,  do their hair, and that everyone would be ugly. She pretty much hypothesized what would happen if people had no thumbs. According to Piaget she has become capable of hypothetico-deductive reasoning- this being when faced with a problem, they start with a hypothesis, or prediction about variables that might affect an outcome, from which they deduce logical, testable inferences. (Berk,2012, p.566.) Her answers to the problem of having no thumbs were thought out. I wish she would have explained them a little more but I know if I asked her to explain more thoroughly she would have the logic for doing so. Propositional thought is also a characteristic of formal operational thought; it is when a young individual can evaluate the logic of verbal statements without referring to real-world circumstances. (Berk,2012, p.595.) When I asked her question number 13 of the interview she gave me a smart remark saying â€Å"Duh it’s going to make a freaking noise if she hit it. No she did not make noise because she didn’t hit it.† She said this right away and asked why I was asking such weird questions that were so obvious. I did notice some signs of my teen forming an identity. Her style of clothing seemed to be pretty laid back. She wore a loose fitted tee shirt, some jeans, and a pair of converse. Her hair was in a ponytail and she didn’t have any tattoos or piercings. She doesn’t wear any make-up and her only concerns about her appearance were being fat. She mentioned having a lot of friends in school and the particular group she hung out with during lunch and her breaks was only a pair of two close friends. When asked if she belonged to a group she pointed out that she belonged to a group nobody knew about and all her group does is sit and talk and think about homework and. She mentioned all the other different kinds of groups she saw in her high school such as the popular kids, the jocks, the gang bangers, the Asians, the cheerleaders, the gothics, the bible geeks, and the nerds. She didn’t categorize herself in any of these, but she mentioned that her only concerns are getting good grades, she mentioned this a lot during her interview. Constructing an identity involves defining who you are, what you value, and the directions you choose to purse in life. (Berk,2012, p. 600.) When I asked her what role school played in her life she easily told me she was pursuing getting good grades throughout high school and eventually going to college, her moral values play a great role in her life, these being the  things her mother has encouraged and guided her to pursue. Her direction in life has been identified; she explained to me she wanted to eventually be able to go to really good universities. I believe my teen has formed her identity because of these things. My teens’ identity status is probably at the identity achievement; she has established her values and goals in life. Identity achieved individuals are committed to a clearly formulated set of va lues and goals; they know where they are going. (Berk, 2012, p.603.) I don’t really have much advice to give to my teen; to me she seemed to be on track. But her mentioning herself as being fat does concern me. I think her self-esteem is low, when I asked her if she had a boyfriend she said she did not because she was ugly. She also seems to think she is fat, since she mentioned twice in the interview she wanted to lose weight. The advice I would give my teen is, to not concern herself too much about physical appearance and focus more on the relationships she has formed with the people she has becomes friends with. I would tell her she doesn’t have to look a certain way to have a boyfriend, I would also mention that it doesn’t really matter if she has one or not, the right one will come along someday. Her academic self-esteem seems to be good though, while I was interviewing her she mentioned that her grades were really good and she was concerned about keeping them that way. Academic self-esteem is a powerful predictor of teenagers judgments of the importance and usefulness of school subjects, willingness to exert effort, achievement, and eventually career choice (Bleeker & Jacobs, 2004;Denissen,Zarrettt,& Eccles,2007;Valentine, DuBois,& Cooper,2004; Whitesell et al.,2009) I would tell her she should keep on pursuing her goals of getting good grades and eventually going to the university of her choice. I would tell her this because I personally didn’t pursue going to a university after I graduated from high school and have totally regretted it ever since. Having a good education is a good goal for a young individual to have to have a better life. My interviewees’ didn’t have any signs of a cognitive distortion, there wasn’t signs of any self-focus in her answers. Imaginary audience is when the adolescent believes that they are the focus of everyone’s attention. (Berk. 2012, p. 572.) She stated in the interview that she and her friends  were part of a group that nobody knew about; she showed little concern about it. Her social development is good; she said in her interview that she talked to most of her classmates in all her classes. She seems to have attained good peer relations and has established good friendships. I don’t think my adolescent would conform to peer pressuring, she mentioned in the interview that alcohol and drugs were of easy access but they have no effect on her friends and her. She said she did not pay much attention to those things. References Berk, L. E. (2012). Infants, Children, and Adolescents (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc.

The usage of financial accounting information Essay

The usage of financial accounting information - Essay Example One of the uses of financial accounting information is for funding purpose.Capital from shareholders and loans and credit from creditors require reporting of financial accounting information to solicit funds.Since the shareholders provide the funds for the organization to run,they are interested in the returns earned on their investments. Financial ratios such as return on shareholders' funds can be calculated to assess the returns earned on their investments. They use information on past performance obtained from the financial statements comprising the profit and loss statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement together with the present economic market conditions to predict the future returns. Also, since the shareholders elect the board of directors, they would want to regularly evaluate the management's performance. Profitability ratios, indications of earning capacity and ability to make profits, can be used by the shareholders to evaluate the management's performance. Loan creditors, such as bankers are interested in the financial stability and liquidity of the organization, as assessed by the liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, and capital structure ratios. Loan creditors would also like to know whether the organization is able to pay interest on time and to repay the principal of the loan. They can use financial ratios such as the coverage of fixed interest charges to assess the organization's ability in this regard. They are also interested in the amount of security existing for their debt, other liabilities the organization has and security offered for them. The balance sheet offers this information. Trade creditors let the organization obtain goods or services with postponed payment. They are interested in the ability of the organization to pay its debts as they fall due, as revealed by liquidity ratios. Both shareholders and creditors use financial accounting information to assess the timing and uncertainty of prospective cash receipts. The pros pects of cash receipts depend on the organization's ability to generate enough cash to meet its obligations when due and its other cash operating needs. The cash flow statement, when used in conjunction with the rest of the financial statements, provides information that enables users to evaluate the changes in net assets of an enterprise, its financial structure and its ability to affect the amounts and timing of cash flows in order to adapt to changing circumstances. Another use of financial accounting information is to solicit investments from potential investors. Potential investors require information on various matters, including solvency, financial strength, earning capability, and the ability of the management to decide whether or not to invest in the organization. The financial statements and the various financial ratios derived from the financial statements mentioned in the above paragraph can be used by potential investors to make this decision. Lastly, financial accounting information is used to facilitate wage and employment negotiations. Management accounting information is used for decision making such as to accept or reject special sales order, fix selling or tender price, add or delete a product line or department, maximize profits with a limited productive capacity or scarce resources, make or buy a component, or further process joint products. The management accounting information used in decision making is relevant costs such as differential and marginal costs. A special sales order, such as an order of a particularly large quantity such that certain costs can be reduced, can be accepted if it gives a positive contribution margin (sales minus marginal costs), provided the organization has idle capacity, fixed costs will not change, normal sales at regular prices will not be disrupted, and no other special order that is more profitable can be obtained. The selling or tender price is used to determine the target market of the organization's products. Some products may be sold in a luxury market where prices may b e higher

Forms of Human Communication through the Ages Research Paper

Forms of Human Communication through the Ages - Research Paper Example That freedom was not always available and human beings had to work hard to get to the level of communicational freedom that most people have today. That journey has been a long and fascinating one. The Cro-Magnon, a precursor to modern man, was the first to participate in cave and rock paintings. To date it remains the earliest form of actual primate communication, estimated at 40,000 years ago (Ayiter, 2014).The majority of cave paintings found throughout Europe show scenes featuring animals, like bison and bear. Experts believe that cave paintings were important to early man for few reasons. These animals were essential to the livelihood for survival; they may have signs to let hunters know what game was available in this territory. Another theory involves the concept of an early religion; they may have thought that the images had magical or medicinal powers and they, also, may have thought depicting them might improve the likelihood of successfully hunting and killing one. These cave painters did not have any forms of actual paint, there implements were likely berries of different colors and charcoal (Beacon Learning Center, 2001). Cave paintings were a form of visual communication to members of one or perhaps multiple groups. It is likely that this artistic and communicative format that paved the way for the traditions of storytelling, spiritual belief, and cultural identity all at the same time. Cave paintings continued for a long time before verbal communication became more common; in fact, even after the invention of languages certain forms of cave-paining arts remained relevant and not uncommon (Beacon Learning Center, 2001). Human beings began using their new found verbal abilities of, language as soon they realized that they could.

Risk Communication Plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Risk Communication Plan - Term Paper Example Risk communication is needed to create public trust in risk management and promote awareness of the specific risk issues (Sellnow 85). The specific objectives of communicating the issues related to the rainstorm risk may include educating and informing people about the risk, changing the audience behaviours and providing disaster warnings (Lundgren and McMakin 107). For example, one can use statistical comparisons to show the Glades County residents that there are still vulnerable to flash floods, storms and lightning. Behavioural change and guidance during emergencies would involve encouraging people to evacuate to open elevated places and avoid buildings during rain storms. A risk communication plan would be very important in risk management because the assessors can analyse the audience and plan for the most appropriate communication strategies suitable for these people. Additionally, a risk communication plan enables provision of accurate and detailed information about the risk and its potential outcomes. For example, rain storms are accompanied by lightning, storms and floods, which may lead to death and destruction of property. Pre-planning would help the risk managers to prepare in advance the aids of communication needed for the awareness campaigns or seminars. Consensus and crisis communication efforts would be appropriate in achieving the set objectives in the risk management initiative to be carried out in Glades County, Florida. In consensus communication, the involved communicators will need to agree with the audience through understanding their concerns and beliefs. In this way, they can agree on certain solutions, which are acceptable to the all the stakeholders (Lundgren and McMakin 109). For example, the communicators should identify the distinct beliefs and concerns of the people of Glades in categories of age, level of income, health status and ethnic groups. Old, poor or disabled people will most

Personal skills and self-management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal skills and self-management - Assignment Example The new initiative is the work of the ANZ Mortgages that entails implementing a policy requesting the non-issuance of Certificate of Titles for all the mortgages which are registered by the ANZ Bank in Western Australia. The purpose of this project is to eliminate the issuance of duplicate Titles to the bank by the Titles office. This initiative is supposed to be implemented and running in the next three months. The initiative stakeholders will involve several groups among them, customers, solicitors and a government department. This initiative will be facilitated by technology as it will reduce costs and improve service efficiency. Planning of a new project or initiative is usually difficult as many people are usually against the idea because of the perceived change of status quo. To make sure a move successful it is important to talk to all the parties involved of the benefits of such a project and the likely effects that such a project would have on them or their day to day operat ions. The management may also be sceptical of the idea because of the costs involved in setting up such projects. During planning the project goals need to be identified, the project deliverables need to be set, the time frame and the supporting plans need to be established in order to make the project successful. This project is relevant as it will reduce unnecessary paper work and procedures involved in keeping of duplicate titles at the titles office (Haugan, 2002, 2-39). Once the project is identified by the management or proposed by the staff as was the case for this initiative, a major decision process often begins. Several decisions have to be made whether the project should be implemented or not. In the decision making process a variety of things are involved. In this project a decision needs to be made whether this initiative is actually beneficial to the organization or not. It will be of no benefit if a project was begun which does not add value to the organization. The o bjective of this project as explained above is to eliminate the issuing of Duplicate Titles to the bank by the titles office. The current procedure at the Bank is that when taking security over landed assets in the form of a first registered mortgage, the client is supposed to deliver a duplicate certificate of Titles to the Department of Land Administration in Western Australia. The duplicate titles plus a copy of the mortgages are then filled in the security packet at ANZ. The problem here arises as a result of the duplication of the documents in order to have copies left in both offices. Another issue is to do with the entire system and how it operates. There are so many disadvantages of the current system namely: the risk of the certificates being lost, high cost of replacing lost certificates, expensive storage equipment are required for storing the certificates and the rental cost of the storage space. As much as it is a good thing it is a tedious process that needs to be elim inated as it wastes effort, time and space (Project Smart, 2011). According to this plan few options exist. The first option will be to continue having the current system which involves a lot of work and duplication of efforts. The second option that exists is to eliminate the process in totality so as to have a more efficient system that will utilize the available resources at an affordable cost to the organization. This is what the project proposes as it will have a lot of benefits. The benefits include the elimination of misfiled certificate and all the costs and penalties that are associated with them, reduction of the physical space required for the storage of these documents, reduction in paper handling/recording and transfer for both offices, security of the documents as they will be handled once and filed by the Bank staff and efficient customer service. Therefore the implementation of this initiative will go a long way in helping the Bank achieve its objectives and also hel p the

Project Management Organazing a Sports Day Assignment - 1

Project Management Organazing a Sports Day - Assignment Example Effective leadership is the main factor in overall effective project management and its handling. In case of managing projects through effective leadership, we can attain high project success. In case of managing University of Greenwich sports days, we need to pay more attention towards the enhancement of the overall project capabilities and potentials. In this scenario a project manager needs to process following qualities and professional skills regarding effective management and handling of the overall project: In this part, I will present the detailed Stakeholder Analysis overall organizing a sports day at the University of Greenwich. Here in the section below, I have outlined the main team structure of the overall. In this part, I will present the detailed Stakeholder Analysis overall organizing a sports day at the University of Greenwich. Here in the section below, I have outlined the main team structure of the overall project. University of Greenwich Administration  University of Greenwich sports days will have major stakeholder that will be the university administration.  Ã‚  Project Manager -1 Person  Will be responsible for the management and handling of the overall project  Ã‚  Project Analyzer -1 Person  In the main person responsible for the overall handling of the main project needs and requirements and needs and also assess main areas of organizing a sports day at the University of Greenwich.  Grounds Manager -1 Person  Is the main person who is responsible for overall development and designing of organizing grounds a sports day at University of Greenwich sports site  Ground Site Workers -2 Person  Will be responsible for the overall establishment of the sports and games and handling overall activities.

Baces of Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Baces of Marketing - Essay Example s important in the sense that when structures are formed taking the shape of a pyramid it should not discourage the use of people horizontally across the departments. This is crucial for acquiring effectiveness in accomplishments of several tasks simultaneously. Matching Authority with Responsibility In a management structure, it is crucial to associate responsibility with matching authority because without having freedom for decision making, organizational effectiveness cannot be achieved. This will increase the chance of favorable outcome besides increasing job satisfaction among employees. Task Description and Interaction among People In a dynamic world, processes and technologies keep on evolving necessitating employees to learn new things and undergo suitable changes. Michael Vanbruaene argues that job details need not be briefed with elaborate description – to avoid rigidity among employees and for the purpose of mutual cooperation among staff members. Work Unit Expectat ions All work units within the organization must be clearly briefed with performance goals and objectives. Necessary flexibility to achieving performance objectives should be granted without specifying tasks much in detail. Association with Work Unit All employees must be associated with some department or work group and the department must have a position to guide employees professionally, if needs arise. Supervisor at Work Unit Effective organizational structure demands that each work unit or department is controlled by supervisor or manager because they work as a bridge between and within the work units. Understanding Management Structure Management structure is crucial for the effective functioning of an organization. For a new employee, it is necessary to understand the working... This report approves that marketing thinks about long-run outcomes while sales function is concerned about immediate results. Marketing and sales have been kept under the same structure and that is sure to cripple branding and long-run positioning activities. It is more likely that marketing will become a sales support function and will lose its grip over formulating effective marketing strategies. Structure is incapable to deliver what is required for its long-term survival. In this structure, there is no provision to avert systemic risk. It is not clear how customer needs will be met with – without which it is impossible for the company to grow and expand. Structure implies that CEO will continue to perform day-to-day activities without having any time for a long term planning and execution. The structure cannot provide needed direction for the long-term growth and support to new verticals. Often strategy changes due to change in external environment; however, management fai ls to make a suitable change in management structure. That means a new strategy is implemented within the same management structure. Any change in structure seems unnecessary due to existing expectations, interpersonal relationships, roles, and current functions. It is a fact that people do not accept change if there is a possibility of loss of authority and power. This essay makes a conclusion that effective management structure is certainly an important necessity for success of any modern enterprise. Further, whenever there is any change in organizational strategy, management structure needs to be redesigned so that day-to-day operational efficiency and long-term effectiveness of the organization are not compromised. Moreover, management structure should strike a balance between decentralize autonomy and centralize control for establishing efficiency and effectiveness both in the organization.

Global health issue - Lung Cancer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global health issue - Lung Cancer - Assignment Example Likewise, case-control studies and recent prospective cohort which have factored tobacco smoking and occupational and various cancer risk factors, have constantly to report upsurges in lung cancer related to air pollution. In light of the done research, the question is perhaps not â€Å"Are some lung cancers caused by air pollution?†, but rather â€Å"What are the excess cases likely to be caused? The existing evidence from the research suggests that proper education and awareness of the negative consequences will relatively assist to lessen the possibility and effectively cure the issues related to lung cancer but silent on the specific environmental risk factors related to air pollution. This is a concern for lung cancer is attributable to air pollution that can occur among both notorious smokers and non-smokers, and thus both effect modification and residual confounding of the air pollution and another environmental relative risk due to smoking must be well-thought-out. Na fstad et al report the relative risks of air pollution adjusted for cigarette smoking, but adjustment cannot have organized completely for possible confounding. The authors recognize that their research has information or details on cigarette smoking merely at the start of the follow-up period. Further studies and real-time solutions of outdoor air pollution globally and lung cancer in will need to detail concurrent or past exposures to various risk factors, particularly now that there is an increasing trend in the rates of global warming.

The Economic Theory of Second and Third Degree Price Discrimination Essay

The Economic Theory of Second and Third Degree Price Discrimination - Essay Example The price discrimination is successful when the seller or service provider meets the following conditions in the market, to have the control of the market or having market power; identification of different groups of individuals who have different demands for a good or a service and keeping the buyer in one of the market segment from offering the service or reselling the good to another group in the market in order to prevent or limit arbitrage. The sellers should be able to control the different prices of goods or services in order to succeed in this type of price discrimination. If the firms have no market power, then it means that they have no ability to affect the prices, which are charged on the goods they sell and therefore all the goods are going to be charged at one price. Monopolies are the best examples of firms which are skilled in price discrimination because they are price makers. Monopolies have the ability to charge different prices at different markets without any pro blems. Oligopolies and monopolistic competition firms also can practice price discrimination if they control the prices of goods and services. The other condition necessary for the operation of a monopoly is that the firms must identify the different groups of buyers with each group of buyers in the market assumed to have different elasticities of demand related to the price of the commodity. Different buyers found in the different markets are able to pay different prices for the same type of goods existing in the market.

Trends in Hiv Prevalence Essay Example for Free

Trends in Hiv Prevalence Essay ABSTRACT HIV prevalence in the world is becoming increasingly high. As of mid-1998, the HIV/AIDS pandemic continues to spread unequally around the world. In many cities in sub-Saharan African countries more than a quarter of young and middle-aged adults are infected with HIV, whereas in most developed countries, the number of annual AIDS cases continues to decrease. The status and of HIV epidemics in most other areas of the world remains uncertain because of inadequate data on the prevalence of HIV-risk behaviours. Hence, this paper presentation seeks to examine the trends of HIV prevalence across the world taking all the continents into consideration. INTRODUCTION HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a lentivirus, and like all viruses of this type, it attacks the immune system. Lentiviruses are in turn part of a larger group of viruses known as retroviruses. The name lentivirus literally means slow virus because they take such a long time to produce any adverse effects in the body. They have been found in a number of different animals, including cats, sheep, horses and cattle. However, the most interesting lentivirus in terms of the investigation into the origins of HIV is the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) that affects monkeys, which is believed to be at least 32,000 years old. It is now generally accepted that HIV is a descendant of a Simian Immunodeficiency Virus because certain strains of SIVs bear a very close resemblance to HIV-1 and HIV-2, the two types of HIV. HIV-2 for example corresponds to SIVsm, a strain of the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus found in the sooty mangabey (also known as the White-collared monkey), which is indigenous to western Africa. The more virulent, pandemic strain of HIV, namely HIV-1, was until recently more difficult to place. Until 1999, the closest counterpart that had been identified was SIVcpz, the SIV found in chimpanzees. However, this virus still had certain significant differences from HIV There are a number of factors that may have contributed to the sudden spread of HIV, most of which occurred in the latter half of the twentieth century and these includes: * Blood Transfusion * Drug Use * Mother-to-Child Transfusion ORIGIN OF HIV The origin of AIDS and HIV has puzzled scientists ever since the illness first came to light in the early 1980s. For over twenty years it has been the subject of fierce debate and the cause of countless arguments, with everything from a promiscuous flight attendant to a suspect vaccine programme being blamed. The first recognized case of AIDS occurred in the USA in the early 1980s. A number of gay men in New York and California suddenly began to develop rare opportunistic infections and cancers that seemed stubbornly resistant to any treatment. At this time, AIDS did not yet have a name, but it quickly became obvious that all the men were suffering from a common syndrome. The discovery of HIV, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, was made soon after. While some were initially resistant to acknowledge the connection (and indeed some remain so today), there is now clear evidence to prove that HIV causes AIDS. So, in order to find the source of AIDS, it is necessary to look for the origin of HIV, and find out how, when and where HIV first began to cause disease in humans. In February 1999 a group of researchers from the University of Alabama announced that they had found a type of SIVcpz that was almost identical to HIV-1. This particular strain was identified in a frozen sample taken from a captive member of the sub-group of chimpanzees known as Pan Troglodytes (P. t. troglodytes), which were once common in west-central Africa. The researchers (led by Paul Sharp of Nottingham University and Beatrice Hahn of the University of Alabama) made the discovery during the course of a 10-year long study into the origins of the virus. They claimed that this sample proved that chimpanzees were the source of HIV-1, and that the virus had at some point crossed species from chimps to humans. Their final findings were published two years later in Nature magazine. In this article, they concluded that wild chimps had been infected simultaneously with two different simian immunodeficiency viruses which had viral sex to form a third virus that could be passed on to other chimps and, more significantly, was capable of infecting humans and causing AIDS. These two different viruses were traced back to a SIV that infected red-capped mangabeys and one found in greater spot-nosed monkeys. They believe that the hybridisation took place inside chimps that had become infected with both strains of SIV after they hunted and killed the two smaller species of monkey. They also concluded that all three groups of HIV-1 namely Group M, N and O (see our strains and subtypes page for more information on these) came from the SIV found in P. t. troglodytes, and that each group represented a separate crossover event from chimps to humans. It has been known for a long time that certain viruses can pass between species. Indeed, the very fact that chimpanzees obtained SIV from two other species of primate shows just how easily this crossover can occur. As animals ourselves, we are just as susceptible. When a viral transfer between animals and humans takes place, it is known as zoonosis. The most commonly accepted theory on how zoonosis took place, and how SIV became HIV in humans is that of the hunter. In this scenario, SIVcpz was transferred to humans as a result of chimps being killed and eaten or their blood getting into cuts or wounds on the hunter. Normally the hunters body would have fought off SIV, but on a few occasions it adapted itself within its new human host and became HIV-1. The fact that there were several different early strains of HIV, each with a slightly different genetic make-up (the most common of which was HIV-1 group M), would support this theory: every time it passed from a chimpanzee to a man, it would have developed in a slightly different way within his body, and thus produced a slightly different strain. An article published in The Lancet in 20044 , also shows how retroviral transfer from primates to hunters is still occurring even today. In a sample of 1099 individuals in Cameroon, they discovered ten (1%) were infected with SFV (Simian Foamy Virus), an illness which, like SIV, was previously thought only to infect primates. All these infections were believed to have been acquired through the butchering and consumption of monkey and ape meat. Discoveries such as this have led to calls for an outright ban on bush meat hunting to prevent simian viruses being passed to humans. Others theories include: * The oral polio vaccine (OPV) theory * The contaminated needle theory * The colonialism theory * The conspiracy theory Four of the earliest known instances of HIV infection are as follows: * A plasma sample taken in 1959 from an adult male living in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. * A lymph node sample taken in 1960 from an adult female, also from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. * HIV found in tissue samples from an American teenager who died in St. Louis in 1969. A 1998 analysis of the plasma sample from 1959 suggested that HIV-1 was introduced into humans around the 1940s or the early 1950s.   In January 2000, the results of a new study16 suggested that the first case of HIV-1 infection occurred around 1931 in West Africa. This estimate (which had a 15 year margin of error) was based on a complex computer model of HIVs evolution. However, a study in 200817 dated the origin of HIV to between 1884 and 1924, much earlier than previous estimates. The researchers compared the viral sequence from 1959 (the oldest known HIV-1 specimen) to the newly discovered sequence from 1960. They found a significant genetic difference between them, demonstrating diversification of HIV-1 occurred long before the AIDS pandemic was recognised. The authors suggest a long history of the virus in Africa and call Kinshasa the â€Å"epicentre of the HIV/AIDS pandemic† in Central Africa. They propose the early spread of HIV was concurrent with the development of colonial cities, in which crowding of people increased opportunities for HIV transmission. If accurate, these findings imply that HIV existed before many scenarios (such as the OPV and conspiracy theories) suggest. Until recently, the origins of the HIV-2 virus had remained relatively unexplored. HIV-2 is thought to come from the SIV in Sooty Mangabeys rather than chimpanzees, but the crossover to humans is believed to have happened in a similar way (i.e. through the butchering and consumption of monkey meat). It is far rarer, significantly less infectious and progresses more slowly to AIDS than HIV-1. As a result, it infects far fewer people, and is mainly confined to a few countries in West Africa. In May 2003, a group of Belgian researchers published a report18 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. By analysing samples of the two different subtypes of HIV-2 (A and B) taken from infected individuals and SIV samples taken from sooty mangabeys, Dr Vandamme concluded that subtype A had passed into humans around 1940 and subtype B in 1945 (plus or minus 16 years or so). Her team of researchers also discovered that the virus had originated in Guinea-Bissau and that its spread was most likely precipitated by the independence war that took place in the country between 1963 and 1974 (Guinea-Bissau is a former Portuguese colony). Her theory was backed up by the fact that the first European cases of HIV-2 were discovered among Portuguese veterans of the war, many of whom had received blood transfusions or unsterile injections following injury, or had possibly had relationships with local women. TRENDS IN HIV PREVALENCE Since 2001, MEASURE Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) have included HIV testing in 31 countries. In 13 of these countries testing has been included in two surveys, which provides an opportunity to examine trends. However, trend data must be viewed with caution, as only some changes are statistically significant. Trends in HIV Prevalence In the charts below, changes in HIV prevalence that are statistically significant are marked with an asterisk and a star.   While it may appear that HIV prevalence has decreased in most countries, these decreases are only statistically significant in the Dominican Republic, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Tanzania, Malawi, and Zimbabwe. This means that in these countries, the change is large enough that it is unlikely that the decrease is due to chance alone; it probably represents true change in the HIV prevalence in the population. In some countries, such as Tanzania, the decrease is statistically significant for the population as a whole, and for men, but not for women. In Cameroon, Burkina Faso, and Zimbabwe, HIV prevalence has decreased among both women and men. DHS surveys have not detected any change in HIV prevalence in Mali, Senegal, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Lesotho, or Zambia. What does this mean? Because HIV prevalence is a measure of all HIV infections in a population, a decrease in HIV prevalence could indicate that fewer people are becoming infected, and/or that more people with HIV have died in a population. Similarly, an increase in HIV prevalence could point to more new infections, and/or could indicate an increase in HIV-positive individuals living longer on anti-retroviral therapy. TRENDS IN HIV PREVALENCE IN ASIA PACIFIC REGION With over 60 percent if the worlds population, the Asia-Pacific Region presents a wide diversity of HIV-related risk environments, in terms of behavioural, political and cultural factors. Within the framework of this diversity, there has also been a wide range of HIV epidemics and responses, both across and within countries. It is not therefore possible to present a simple analysis of the actual and potential occurrence of HIV infection in this vast region. Our understanding of the HIV epidemic and its determinants in the Asia-Pacific Region has improved substantially over the past 3-5 years, as a number of countries have implemented comprehensive surveillance systems for HIV prevalence, and sexual and injecting risk behaviours. Despite these advances, a number of countries still have a limited capacity to assess the occurrence of HIV infection and related behaviours, and to monitor the impact of interventions. A recent factor of importance in the Asia-Pacific environment has been the economic tumult of the past year. While various predictions have been made of the potential impact on the HIV epidemic, it is not possible to state with any certainty whether their net effect will be to increase or decrease the incidence of risk behaviour or HIV transmission. Since extensive HIV transmission has been a very recent phenomenon in a number of Asia-Pacific countries, there has so far been little experience with the care and support of people with HIV-related illness. Apart from Australia, Thailand and Japan, few countries have a healthcare workforce, which is adequately prepared to care for substantial numbers of people developing HIV-related illness. Without simplifying too much, it is possible to classify the differing patterns of HIV transmission into broad categories, based on available surveillance data. In Australia and New Zealand, the virtually all HIV transmission has been through sex between men, and the incidence of transmission via this route has long been recognized as having declined substantially in the 1980s. In a few countries, such as Thailand, Cambodia and parts of Myanmar and India, heterosexual transmission has been extensive, mediated through large-scale sex industries but extending now to the regular partners of sex workers male clients. Some countries have HIV epidemics among injecting drug users (IDU) with limited associated heterosexual transmission. These include countries such as Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, and some areas of India and China. Other countries have limited, but well documented spread of HIV infections, such as the Philippines, Indonesia, Japan, and South Korea. Several countries have not reported substantial numbers of HIV infection, but do not appear to have comprehensive, ongoing surveillance systems. Papua New Guinea, Pakistan and Bangladesh are countries which may have a substantial risk environment, and need to strengthen their surveillance activities. The analysis of HIV epidemic trends in the region becomes more meaningful when a focus is placed on populations whose cultural and social affinity and networks transcend geopolitical borders. A new geography of HIV/AIDS in the region then emerges that helps recognize the foci of intense HIV spread. These include large metropolitan areas in western and southern India (Mumbai, Chinnai); the India/Nepal border area; the larger Golden Triangle, which reaches out to northern Thailand, eastern Myanmar, but also encompasses the areas of Manipur in India and Yunnan in China; and the Mekong delta area, which includes Cambodia and southern Vietnam. To gain better understanding of the dynamics of HIV epidemics, factors of affinity between populations as well as mobility patterns must be explored and mapped out.

The General Information For Anti Globalization

The General Information For Anti Globalization Anti-Globalization was defended as a belief shared by various political groups that people must oppose globalization (=the process of making something such as a business operate in different countries around the world) because of bad effects it has on people, especially in developing countries, and because of the damage it does to the environment the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English Advanced Learners. Almost the anti-globalization activities are spontaneous, the people whose benefit was affected stood up then performed the anti-globalization activities such as demonstration, ask for relieveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ In fact, the activities which are opposite to globalization can be divided into 2 groups: Anti-Globalization and Alter-Globalization. The anti-globalization group directly opposes to the globalization activities; they think that the movement of people over the frontier must be controlled strictly; explorer other countrys natural resources and human resources are not permitted. This group argued that biodiversity and natural resources can be damaged permanently; and mainly call for democratic representation, advancement of human rights and more egalitarian states. The targets of this group are the World Bank (WB), International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) and free trade treaties like the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), the Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI) and the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). Alter-globalization is the name of a social movement that supports global cooperation and interaction, but which opposes the negative effects of economic globalization, feeling that it often works to the detriment of, or does not adequately promote, human values such as environmental and climate protection, economic justice, labor protection, protection of indigenous cultures and human rights. Wikipedia The different between anti-globalization and alter-globalization is anti-globalization against any kinds of globalization but the alter-globalization just mentioned about human rights, the environment, national sovereignty, and cultural diversity and so on. There are 2 popular forums for anti globalization: World Social Forum and World Economic Forum. Chapter 2: Why anti-globalization still exist? To analyst the reverses of globalization, we focus on three objects that the globalization affected to: local companies, local population, and the local economic. Firstly, the local firms: When the nation open to globalization too soon, and too sudden, the local firms had not prepare enough to face with the competitive of over sea corporations will go to bankruptcy easily. It is easy to find the example for Chuong Duong company Secondly, the local population: If the globalization incurred, local firms go bankrupt will cause the unemployment, the new organizations which had not established enough yet can not hired these new unemployees, this cause the high unemployment rate. This is the main reason for indigent at Africa. Disease can move from country to country very fast because the people can travel to other countries by air, by bus, trains or other transportation in the short time. This cause the diseases spread very fast and became the reason of thousand cases of dead at 2006 for bird flu from Indonesia and spread to other countries, 774 cases for SARS in 2003 at China and other East Asia countries, millions people dead because AIDSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Brain drain: talent will go out of the poor countries to the richers. This situation can be seen much at Africa, India and many poor countries all over the world. These countries finance to these students to go over sea study but they have never come back after graduated. Income distribution: Thirdly: local economic: The economic can not stable: when the nation join to the worlds market, it will be easy affect by the world situation, let came back to the crisis at 1997, the economic of the world had been affected. The developed countries force the developing countries to reduce trade barrier but they keep for themselves by hamper the developing countries to export agriculture products which are very important for they to receive foreign currency earning. If the nation opens the market too soon, sooner than establishing of the local organizations, the creating new jobs will less than the loss. The export of this nation will not develop, the import infringe instead, deficit become serious day after day. This nation will poorer and poorer. Finally: the local society: The develop countries will export the pollution to the developing and undeveloped countries by invest the pollution goods industries, second hand goodsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to these countries. Chapter 3: Advantages and disadvantages of anti- globalization: Advantages: Anti-globalization can warn to the world the significant problems of the world such as warming of the earth, pollution, forest destroy, greenhouse affect, and so on. So that the governments and organizations can perform the actions to reduce these affects. Pollution: as many countries Racial discrimination: Sex discrimination: The war at Iraq and others To disclosure the truth that have never disclosure themselves of IMF, WB, WTOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Anti-globalization also calls for help the world: when the actives raise the problems, the people all over the world can catch them then they may perform some activities to solve these problems. Disadvantages: The demonstrations affected to social securities, many people die due to the extremist actions of the demonstration activities. The governments also have to perform many actions to control these extremist activities. The power of the voice of the anti-globalization still weak, the persuade ability of this organization also weak, can not appeal large group of people to do things, almost the activist just stand alone or just at a small group. The anti-globalization are always action without organization, they just a group of people who were hurt by the activities of one organization then stand up and perform anti actions. Lack of evidence: Lack of effective: Chapter 4: The anti-globalization activities at Vietnam: In general, the anti-globalization activities of Vietnam are not many. This is because Vietnam performs globalization too late. After 30 Apr 1975, Vietnam was achieved to be an independence country. Almost people agreed that during ten years after the independence date was the black period of Vietnam economic. Almost activities become stagnation; famine incur in many areas event at Mekong delta which was the biggest farm in the country; education, health care and other social welfare were totally ignored. The globalization of Vietnam begins at 1986 with the open market policy name socialist-oriented market economy. Thank to this policy, the economic of Vietnam reversed, farmers got his own land (event in temporary) for manufacturing and alive. Up to Dec 2001, US-Vietnam Bilateral Agreement was signed; this is the very important step for recover the economic and became the first step to join into World Trade Organization (WTO). These are just some activities at Vietnam for this event: to strike for higher rate of pay in the industrial zone Binh Duong province and Bien Hoa city at 2008 for some Taiwan firms; Conclusion: According to Yin Yang theory of Chinese, every thing has 2 faces: positive and negative, the existing of anti-globalization also belongs to this theory, anti-globalization will exist parallel with globalization, this also the rules of the existing: opposition to develop, and develop must contain opposition. Einstein also issued the theory for relative: every thing

Representation of the female masculinity in the boxing movie

Representation of the female masculinity in the boxing movie Representation of the female masculinity in the boxing movie â€Å"Girlfight† Lately there are more and more action movies in which the leading character is female one. Men are more likely to be seen as leading characters in the action films, but there is a tendency toward seeing more female characters as the protagonists of this type of movies. Also the female boxing movies are discussed within the context of the action genre and the main characters of those movies are seen as female action stars. There are two different types of action heroines. One of them is the so called â€Å"action babe†. Those characters are physically active but also highly sexualized females. We come across this type of heroines in the movie â€Å"Charlies Angel†, where the action heroines are fighting while wearing high heels and formal clothes. They are achieving their goals not only by using their fighting skills but also by using their sexually attractive appearance. The other type of action stars are those female characters who are acquiring the necessary physical strength and skill in order to gain independence from abusive male characters (â€Å"Enough† starring Jennifer Lopes as Slim Hiller an abused young woman). Gender influences peoples participation in different sports. For example sports such as football and boxing are considered to be male whereas gymnastics and figure skating are female dominated sports. In 2000 â€Å"The Independent Film Channel Production† released the boxing film â€Å"Girlfight† (starring Michelle Rodriguez). Boxing films are generally assumed to be about a male boxer but this movie is about a girl who is trying to pave her way in the boxing career. Rodriguezs first role as Diana Guzman in â€Å"Girlfight† and the subsequent staring roles as Lenny in â€Å"The Fast and The Furious†, Rain Ocampo in â€Å"Resident Evil†, Chris Sanchez in â€Å"S.W.A.T.†, and Ana Lucia Cortez in â€Å"Lost† help us associate her with notions such as female masculinity and tom boyish appearance. Rodriguezs heroines are portrayed as a â€Å"natural fighter who demonstrates no traditionally feminine qualities† (Beltrà ¡n, M.). The movie â€Å"Girlfight† represent how one person coped with the gender stereotypes and overcame the gender barriers in order to become a boxfighter. The movie starts with a shot of unfocused crowd walking around a school corridor. Through the gaps between the crossing people only a persons torso leaning against a locker can be seen. The person is wearing baggy trousers and army jacket; hands are trusted into the pockets in confident and masculine pose. The viewer is unable to recognize whom this body belongs to, whether it is boys or girls one. No gender differences are brought into relief until when the camera shows the upper body and the face of a girl staring the floor. Her hair is braided into cornrows along her scalp. Her mouth is firmly closed, showing us anger and disinterest. This impression is strengthened by her gaze. Then the camera shows us Diana entering the female bathroom and the sign â€Å"GIRLS† on the door is clearly visible in the centre of the fra me. Despite the Dianas outfit and her tomboyish manners the â€Å"girl† sign puts her on the female side of the gender binary male/female opposition. The scene in the bathroom shows us two girls (Veronica and Merisol) fighting over a boy. Both of the girls are wearing heavy make-up and girls clothes. The purpose of the bathroom scene is to show us the contrast between Dianas female masculinity and the excessive femininity, exotic and impulsive heterosexuality that exhales form the other â€Å"chica†. Dianas lack of concern about her appearance and the aggressive behavior drifts her away from the standard â€Å"lady-like† persona. She is not interested in being like the other girls at school who are in the period learning how to flirt and use their feminine features to become popular and desirable. The wrangle between Diana and Veronica in the bathroom turned into a fight started by Diana. She solves her problems by using her fists into whatever and whoever stand s against her. If we pay attention to Dianas fighting manners we can notice that she is fighting like a boy. Most of the girls are fighting by using pinching; biting and tearing hair while Diana is hitting the other girl with her fists tighten. The next scene is taking place in a boxing gym. Shots of different boxers working out and sparring in the gym alternate with close-ups of Dianas face, which shows us that Diana is entering a male-dominated space. Diana is in the gym because she had to pay for her brothers boxing lessons. She found Tiny (her brother) on the ring fighting with Ray (another training boxer). Ray punched Tiny in the face after the round was over which wasnt right, so Diana punched him back to defend her brother. It is believed that brothers/boys are those who have to defend their sisters/girls, also Tiny is the one that is practicing boxing. He had to be the one that is protecting Diana not the other way round. Taking a stand against the boxer shows us that Diana is not afraid to fight not only dolled up girls but also physically trained boys. Then the camera takes us in front of the gym where we can hear the conversation between Ray and Adrian (another boxer). â€Å"†¦. You get slapped by a girl thats weak Ray† are the words that Adrian tells him. If a boy had punched him it wouldnt be a topic for conversation but when the matter in hand is a girl punching him its considered as a weakness. Here we have the gender stereotype that boys are physically stronger that girls and girls are not supposed to fight against them. Girls are supposed to be cute, sweet and to act like ladies. In that scene we have another girl who is walking by the boys. She is wearing tight clothes and make-up and the two boys give her the eye and she smiled at them in return. She is flirting with them whereas Diana is fighting physically at least with one of them. Here again the director shows us the visual contrast between Diana and the ordinary girls. Rays cue to Diana â€Å" Guess you never learned how to be a lady†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and t he other female character helps us to distant Diana from the female stereotype and to stress on her female masculinity. Then we have the scene in Guzmans kitchen when Tiny shared with his family that he received the scholarship application for an Art school. Both his father and Diana think that it is a waste of time to learn to draw. The future artist career that the father foresees for his son is not going further than him painting houses. In his mind it is better for the boy to stick with the boxing which will be more helpful in his future life. Boys are supposed to be able to fight not to paint. Later on in the movie Diana tells his father that Tiny doesnt want to box, but he insists on the fact that all the boys wants to box. According to his father, Tiny needs to learn boxing so he can defend himself. Tiny breaks the stereotypes, because he prefers the more female activities instead of the male one such as boxing. According to his father going to drawing classes is girls job. There is very interesting conversation when Diana went to sign for boxing practices: Diana: I wanna be a boxer †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. No, for real I wanna fight. Hector: Oh, you can train but you cant fight. Diana: Why not? Hector: You just cant. Girls dont have the same power as boys. Girls are stereotyped into quieter, subordinate femininity. Girls are judged against masculinity, whereas boys achievements are judges with regard to their masculinity. It is believed that boys have more natural abilities most of the boys are more aggressive and its shown in their physical abilities whereas girls are more shy and timid. It is believed that its natural for boys to be fighting around and to like it. In the beginning of the movie we saw Diana fighting with Veronica, later on we saw her standing without fear in front of Ray. Later on in the movie Diana proves that girls can be as strong as boys, because the physical abilities of boys and girls can be matched with determination and hard work. Hectors only condition to start training Diana is to be paid for her practices. He did not believe that she will find the money, and he was sure that she will not show up again. After all, he decides to train her even though he believes it is not right girls to be boxing. He agrees because he thought that she will not able to endure the tough exercises and the whole training process and quit. The first training sequence in the gym starts with Dianas distorted face image in a mirror. Then we see her baggy and worn-out clothes which show us her physique and her body shape. Her split image in the mirror and her outlook underlines her androgyny and Dianas struggle for a unified gender identity. During one of the following training sequences Hector and Diana had argument about the persistence in training. Hector tells her that fighting skills come natural neither to boys nor to girls and they have to practice in order to improve them. For first time boys and girls are taken not separately but within one and the same concept both boys and girls have to practice if they want to become physically durable. Her first boxing match is with a boy called Ray. His coach advices him â€Å"try to be a gentleman†. This shows that nobody takes the fact that she could be a good fighter no matter that she is a girl seriously. During her first fight Diana proves that she is physically stronger and more powerful than Ray regardless of the fact that the outcome of the fight is not shown. There is an interesting conversation between Diana and Merisol in the school corridor. Diana is trying to tell Merisol what she is busy with. Merisol insists that there is a boy that occupies Dianas free time. Merisol is surprised when Diana tells her that it is not a boy that occupies her free time but a male sport such as boxing. Later on Diana tells her that there is also a boy entangled in the boxing story and Merisol replies â€Å"I knew it†. Merisol thinks that the name Adrian is â€Å"a girly name†, but Diana assures her that he is â€Å"100% man, if you know what I mean†. For a first time in the movie Diana shows that she is actually interested in boys and not only interested in acting like a boy. We understand that she likes Adrian and his company. This is strengthened by the scene when they go for a dinner together. Their orders in the restaurant are very interesting and grab attention. She is ordering herself deluxe bacon cheese burger with extra bacon whereas he is ordering soup, garden salad and Italian dressing. Their eating habits are very different. He is on a weight diet while she is not worried about gaining or loosing weight. Women are more likely to keep to a diet than men but in this movie the situation is reversed. Keeping a diet doesnt make Adrian to look more feminine. It is breaking the stereotype that women are those who worry about their weight. On the question why she chose to box, she answered that she didnt make the cheerleading team, which is in fact a lie. The contrast between boxing and cheerleading contains the idea that she is not accepted in such a girl society as the cheerleading team so then she tries to find her place in the boys society boxing. When Adrian walks Diana home they kiss. He tells her that she tastes sweet to which she answers â€Å"Ive always thought of myself as salty†. Here we have the binary opposition of sweet and salty. If the girls are the one that are sweet then the boys should be the salty one. Adrian perceives her as a girl (sweet) whereas she thought of herself as more boyish (salty). In the next scene her physical powers is in comparison to her girl classmates one. There is a long-shot of her and her girl classmates standing in front of a fence. All of the girls are looking bored with their arms crossed on the chest whereas her body is intense, tight and ready to compete. The weakness of the other girls during the President Physical Fitness Exam makes the contrast between them and Diana more vivid and shows her physical superiority. After one of her training matches Adrian walk her home again and her father sees them talk. When she enters her home her father sees her black eye and the first thing that comes to his mind is that Adrian is beating her. When a girl is having a black eye it is more likely to be beaten up that to be participating in a fight in which she can defend herself. So her father presumption is that she has been maltreated not that she is participating in an equal fight. After an argument with her father she goes to Adrians place to spend the night. His room is painted in blue whereas hers is in girly pink. Parents are those who decorate childrens rooms, so they make the distinction between boys and girls by identifying them with different colors boys are those who are identified with blue and girls are the one identified with pink. The next meeting between Adrian and Diana is on Hectors birthday when Adrian shows up with a girlfriend. This action on his part shows us that he is confused by the fact that he is strongly attracted to a woman who exhibits distinctly masculine attributes. His unwillingness to express his feeling about Diana publicly recalls the idea that the anxiety around a males attraction to a masculine female is rooted in the association between masculinity and maleness, which evokes notion such as homosexual desire. The first training match between Diana and Adrian is saturated with tension not only because they are romantically involved but also because of the fact that the competition for physical dominance threatens the core of heterosexuality. The fight is lacking of action because Adrian refuses to hit Diana, which frustrated her and make her angry. The sequence ends with a shot of both boxers holding each other outside the boxing ring this can be treated as an embrace. This is the moment in which Diana whispered in Adrians ear â€Å"I love you, I really do†. As the bell rings indicating the end of the sparring match, Diana punches Adrians head. That final punch shows us Dianas confidence and her willingness to fight against whoever her opponent is. Up until now in the movie we had seen Diana training only in the public space of the boxing gym surrounded by boys. There is a scene in which Dianas training is situated in the female sphere and intimate space of her bedroom. While boxing in front of the mirror in her bedroom we hear Hectors voice-over reading a letter saying that male and female amateurs within the same weight class are allowed to compete with each other in the ring, so from now on they are equal. In real life the so called gender-blind boxing fights are not allowed. Her first public match was supposed to be with a well known female boxer but the fight is called off. Dianas first public sparing match is against Rays one of the male boxers in the gym. When the audience understands that the match will be between man and woman there is a palpable tension surrounding this â€Å"battle of the sexes†. This tension is caused by the perceived treat to the dominate gender order which is based on the idea that men are stronger and physically superior than women. During the whole match between Ray and Diana his unwillingness to fight â€Å"a girl† and the fear that he can be defeated by a â€Å"girl† is underlined. Through this boxing sequence Diana is pronouncing her persistence in pursuing her boxing carrier despite the fact that most of people around her think that it is â€Å"inappropriate† for her gender. Dianas father shows up at the boxing match and this is the moment in which he understands that she has been boxing in her free time. This results in a huge fight with her father because he is absolutely opposed to hers pursuit of boxing, while early in the movie it was clearly shown that he pressures his overly effeminate son into taking boxing lessons. The other reason for the father-daughter argument is that Diana blames her mothers suicide on his alcoholism and abusive behavior. The image of her father lying on the kitchen floor is his last appearance in the movie. This image can be seen as a violent reaction against the patriarchal nature of traditional gender stereotype that men are those who rule over women. First girl fight that Diana participates in is with famous and well trained female fighter Stiles. During the match there is a scene in which Adrian admires her moves and punches. The final fight is the most dramatic and intense overlap between her boxing and private worlds. Diana fights for the New York Amateur Championship (title). This is her reward for the hard work and difficulties that she undergoes. The fact that Adrian will be her opponent puts additional meaning in the context of their romantic relationship. This physical confrontation between a man and woman who are engaged in a romantic relationship draws our attention to the normative notion of gender. The conversation between them before the fight shows us that Adriane feels protective of her not because she is a female boxer, but because he is in love with her. They both have feelings for each other, but Adrian takes this boxing match too personal whereas Diana is thinking of it as another boxing experience. Right befor e the fight starts a woman says to her husband that the match card says â€Å"Diana Guzman†. The husband tell her that it is probably a misprinting. He couldnt even imagine that a girl could be fighting for the Championship (title). Adriane fights with her like she is any other boxer so does she. Both of them give everything they have and the better one win the match. The image of the boxers circling and holding onto each other in intimate embrace implies connection between boxing and dancing. This scene looks more like a love scene than a fight sequence. The gender-blind boxing match between Adrian and Diana strengthens their relationship but also clears up their boxing attitudes. In that final sequence the depiction of the boxers is removed from the articulation of a specific identity from the representation of the materiality of the sexed and gendered body. During the whole movie Diana is trying to change the gender norms and understanding of masculinity and femininity and after all she successfully does so. Her violent actions, her physical appearance speak for themselves those are the things that get her into gender trouble. But she stands clearly against the idea that human being are divided into two clear-cut groups women and men. By the end of the movie she had already found, formed and chosen her own individual identity. What caught my attention in â€Å"Girlfight† review called â€Å"No Winners Here: The Flawed Feminism of Girlfight† by Anju Reejhsinghani is that the reviewer thinks that Kusama, the director, used the intergender tournament to dramatize the love story between Adrian and Diana. I think that one of the usages of those gender-blind fights is indeed to dramatize the love story but it also carries the idea that everybody should defend their individual identity. By those crossed-gender fights the director shows that equality between male and female is possible.

Mrs. Linde as a Foil for Nora in in Ibsens A Dolls House Essay

Mrs. Linde as a Foil for Nora in A Doll's House Random House Webster's dictionary defines a foil as "a person or thing that makes another seem better by contrast."   This essay will focus on the use of the foil to contrast another character. The characters of Nora and Mrs. Linde provide an excellent example of this literary device. Mrs. Linde's aged, experienced personality is the perfect foil for Nora's childish nature. Mrs. Linde's hard life is used to contrast the frivolity and sheltered aspects of Nora's life. Nora's optimism and belief in things improbable is an opposite to the rationality and down-to-earth mentality of Mrs. Linde. Finally, the rekindling of the flame between Mrs. Linde and Krogstad is a direct contrast to the burning down of Nora and Torvald's "doll's house." Whereas one can see Mrs. Linde as mature and world-weary, one can easily read the character Nora as immature and childlike; one of the first examples of this immaturity and childishness can be found in the first few pages. Nora has come in from a day of shopping and in these excerpts we can see her child-like manner while interacting with her husband, Torvald: Nora:  Ã‚   Oh yes, Torvald, we can squander a little now. Can't we? Just a tiny, wee bit. Now that you've got a big salary and are going to make piles and piles of money. (Ibsen Ibsen 27-29) With this excerpt, we see a child-like attitude not only in Nora's manner of speaking with the statement "Just a tiny, wee bit," but also in her attitude toward money and the unrealistic expectations of making "piles and piles of money." The following example also shows Nora's childish manner in her personal interactions with her husband. Her manner seems more like that of a favorite daughter, acc... ...77. Ibsen. New York: Macmillan. Davies, H. Neville. 1982. "Not just a bang and a whimper: the inconclusiveness of Ibsen's A Doll's House." Critical Quarterly 24:33-34. Durbach, Errol. A Doll's House: Ibsen's Myth of Transformation. Boston: Twayne, 1991. Heiberg, Hans. Ibsen. A Portrait of the Artist. Coral Gables, Florida: University of Miami. 1967. Ibsen , Henrik.   A Doll's House. Dover Thrift Edition, 1992 Northam, John. 1965. "Ibsen's Search for the Hero." Ibsen. A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. Solomon, Barbara H., ed. Rediscoveries: American Short Stories by Women, 1832-1916. New York: Penguin Group, 1994. Templeton, Joan. "Is A Doll House a Feminist Text?" (1989). Rpt. In Meyer. 1635-36. Templeton, Joan. "The Doll House Backlash: Criticism, Feminism, and Ibsen." PMLA (January 1989): 28-40.

Jack Kerouac’s On The Road - The Spiritual Quest, the Search for Self a

The Spiritual Quest  in On the Road  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A disillusioned youth roams the country without truly establishing himself in one of the many cities he falls in love with. In doing so, he manages with the thought or presence of his best friend. What is he searching for? While journeying on the road, Sal Paradise is not searching for a home, a job, or a wife. Instead, he longs for a mental utopia offered by Dean Moriarty. This object of his brotherly love grew up in the streets of America. Through the hardships of continuously being shuffled from city to city, Dean has encompassed what is and what is not important in life. While driving back to Testament in the '49 Hudson, Dean propositions Sal through an appeal to emotion. In passing on his philosophy, Dean eloquently states, "Everything is fine, God exists, we know time" (Kerouac 120). After the war, America achieved the status of economic success through the provisions of the assembly line in industries and manual labor in civil services. The 1950's became an evolution from skilled craftsmanship to mindless mechanical work in factories. The goals in life included working in a fixed position, having a home, and providing for the wife and kids. However, with the threat of the Cold War looming over their heads, the youth of this generation grew disenchanted with the so-called American Dream. They realized life is ephemeral and that there is more to life than punching in a time-card. The concept of individuality was more important than conformity. It became a "culture acting out the true Self and true spontaneous desire" (McGeory 21). As an author and member of the younger generation, Jack Kerouac embodies this notion of estrangement throughout his novel, On the Road. Allen... ...notion that their quest is a spiritual one" (Goldstein 61). Once we reach the ideal inner peace is when we are truly able to understand the band of friendship that surrounds us. If we are able to maintain this philosophy, no trouble can exist to deteriorate our well-being. We will be able to enjoy life more and discover what our fears are hiding. Works Cited Birkerts, Sven. "On the Road to Nowhere: Kerouac Re-read and Regretted." Harper's Magazine July 1989: 75. Ginsberg, Allen and Gregory Corso. "Ten Angry Men." Esquire. June 1986: 261. Goldstein, Norma Walrath. "Kerouac's On the Road." The Explicator Fall 1991: 61. Kerouac, Jack. On the Road. New York: Penguin Books. 1955. McGeory, Heather R. "On the Road to Upheaval." New York Times 12 June 1993, late ed.:21. Will, George F. "Daddy, Who Was Jack Kerouac?" Newsweek. 4 July 1988: 64.    Jack Kerouac’s On The Road - The Spiritual Quest, the Search for Self a The Spiritual Quest  in On the Road  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A disillusioned youth roams the country without truly establishing himself in one of the many cities he falls in love with. In doing so, he manages with the thought or presence of his best friend. What is he searching for? While journeying on the road, Sal Paradise is not searching for a home, a job, or a wife. Instead, he longs for a mental utopia offered by Dean Moriarty. This object of his brotherly love grew up in the streets of America. Through the hardships of continuously being shuffled from city to city, Dean has encompassed what is and what is not important in life. While driving back to Testament in the '49 Hudson, Dean propositions Sal through an appeal to emotion. In passing on his philosophy, Dean eloquently states, "Everything is fine, God exists, we know time" (Kerouac 120). After the war, America achieved the status of economic success through the provisions of the assembly line in industries and manual labor in civil services. The 1950's became an evolution from skilled craftsmanship to mindless mechanical work in factories. The goals in life included working in a fixed position, having a home, and providing for the wife and kids. However, with the threat of the Cold War looming over their heads, the youth of this generation grew disenchanted with the so-called American Dream. They realized life is ephemeral and that there is more to life than punching in a time-card. The concept of individuality was more important than conformity. It became a "culture acting out the true Self and true spontaneous desire" (McGeory 21). As an author and member of the younger generation, Jack Kerouac embodies this notion of estrangement throughout his novel, On the Road. Allen... ...notion that their quest is a spiritual one" (Goldstein 61). Once we reach the ideal inner peace is when we are truly able to understand the band of friendship that surrounds us. If we are able to maintain this philosophy, no trouble can exist to deteriorate our well-being. We will be able to enjoy life more and discover what our fears are hiding. Works Cited Birkerts, Sven. "On the Road to Nowhere: Kerouac Re-read and Regretted." Harper's Magazine July 1989: 75. Ginsberg, Allen and Gregory Corso. "Ten Angry Men." Esquire. June 1986: 261. Goldstein, Norma Walrath. "Kerouac's On the Road." The Explicator Fall 1991: 61. Kerouac, Jack. On the Road. New York: Penguin Books. 1955. McGeory, Heather R. "On the Road to Upheaval." New York Times 12 June 1993, late ed.:21. Will, George F. "Daddy, Who Was Jack Kerouac?" Newsweek. 4 July 1988: 64.   

Implied Terms :: essays research papers fc

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Introduction 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Implied Terms 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Custom / Usage 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Court 5)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Past Dealings 6)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Statute 7)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Goods Act 8)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Trade Practices Act 9)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conclusion 10)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Recommendations 11)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bibliography INTRODUCTION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Agreements are formed in almost every communication; electronic, written or oral; daily. Once an agreement fulfills the components required of a contract, therein lies the existence of terms of a contract.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  These terms depict an obligation between parties involved in the form of Express terms or Implied terms. Express terms are material terms stated by the parties involved, and can be interpreted in 3 ways; Oral, Written, Oral and Written.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Implied terms are terms normally not stated or not known by the parties, and may be derived from Custom/Usage, Court, or Statute. Custom terms are referenced to conventions or usages in a particular industry or trade. Court terms are adopted when an oversight of the parties occur, in order to give ‘business efficacy’ to the contract based on prior or past dealings. Statute terms are referred to the various states, territories and Commonwealth Trade Practices Act when the contract is formed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When a sale of goods involving consumer and corporations, Trade Practices Act and the Goods Act ; statutes established by the Commonwealth and its State parliament; may be used to protect consumers from the conduct of these contracts. Act s.4B of TPA defines a ‘consumer’ as someone who acquires goods or services for less than $40,000. Act s.85(1) of Goods Act applies if goods are worth less than $20,000. IMPLIED TERMS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The case of BROGDEN v METROPOLITAN RAILWAY illustrates one of the early cases of implied terms; in which the conduct of a party is sufficient for the courts to hold an implied terms judgement, despite a lack of an offer & acceptance. The unilaterally signed agreement was actually a counter-offer, despite there was no mutual agreement to the changes of terms by Brogden. But the courts held that the conduct of Metropolitan Railway as valid.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A simple illustration to determine if a term should be implied into a contract is in the case of SHIRLAW v SOUTHERN FOUNDRIES , where MacKinnon LJ quoted, â€Å"†¦in any contract is left to be implied and need not be expressed is something so obvious that it goes without saying†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Custom/Usage   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a particular industry, references as to what is ‘common practice’ or ‘usages’ of the companies are dictated by themselves and not by the courts. When they act upon a contract based on their trade understanding, certain standards exist. In the case of BRITISH CRANE HIRE CORP LTD v IPSWICH PLANT HIRE LTD , a hire form sent to hirer was merely to facilitate the formal procedures and understanding.

Examining the Use of Social Media and Its Impact on Corporate

Title Examining the Use of Social Media and Its Impact on Corporate Commerce Assessment A, Part One – Evaluating the Pros and Cons of Different Social Media Sites Identify the pros and cons for each site. Blogger Con: Security – possible transmission of untrustworthy links Blogger Con: Too much information – public disclosure Blogger Con: Ability to post relevant, up-to-the-minute news and updates Blogger Pro: Ability to create a community Blogger Pro: Ability to incorporate elements of other social media sitesBlogger Pro: Mass customization – widespread use among target audience Blogger Pro: Ability to receive instant feedback from product demographics Digg Con: Not relevant to the niche audience Digg Con: Ability to receive instant feedback from product demographics Digg Con: Mass customization – widespread use among target audience Digg Con: Instant communication to large groups Digg Pro: Media convergence – showing text, screen shots, vid eos Facebook Con: Limited visual presentation of productFacebook Con: Ability to filter comments via an approval mechanism Facebook Con: Security – possible transmission of untrustworthy links Facebook Pro: Ability to create a community Facebook Pro: Ability to incorporate elements of other social media sites Facebook Pro: Mass customization – widespread use among target audience Facebook Pro: Instant communication to large groups Facebook Pro: Ability to receive instant feedback from product demographics Facebook Pro: Mobility – viewing on a cell photo adds to the audienceFacebook Pro: Ability to post relevant, up-to-the-minute news and updates Facebook Pro: Media convergence – showing text, screen shots, videos Flickr Con: Limited access from target audience Flickr Con: Ability to receive instant feedback from product demographics Flickr Con: Mass customization – widespread use among target audience Flickr Pro: Not a good way to build buzz in the beginning Flickr Pro: Limited visual presentation of product Metacafe Con: Ability to receive instant feedback from product demographicsMetacafe Con: Instant communication to large groups Metacafe Con: Ability to receive instant feedback from product demographics Metacafe Pro: Media convergence – showing text, screen shots, videos Twitter Con: Ability to filter comments via an approval mechanism Twitter Con: Character Limits Twitter Con: Limited visual presentation of product Twitter Con: Security – possible transmission of untrustworthy links Twitter Con: Ability to receive instant feedback from product demographics Twitter Pro: Instant communication to large groupsTwitter Pro: Mobility – viewing on a cell photo adds to the audience Twitter Pro: Ability to post relevant, up-to-the-minute news and updates Twitter Pro: Ability to receive instant feedback from product demographics YouTube Con: Ability to filter comments via an approval mechanism YouTube Con: Secu rity – possible transmission of untrustworthy links YouTube Pro: Ability to incorporate elements of other social media sites YouTube Pro: Mass customization – widespread use among target audience YouTube Pro: Media convergence – showing text, screen shots, videosAssessment A, Part Two – Examining the Use of Social Media and its Impact on Corporate Commerce Recommend which social media site Master Dynasty should be launched on. Blog, Twitter, and Facebook. Assessment B – Examining the Use of Social Media and its Impact on Corporate Commerce How can social media sites help us build our brand? Centralizing social site, and create links to our other sites will build up our brand. How can we best reach our target audience? Gather our quality followers instead of quantity, we can choose our niche in our target audience based on profiles.How can it help our corporate commerce to show our audience that we're human beings? Show audience we are not just here to sell, but are gamers to. How does social media help give people a reason to buy from us? Targeting relevant customers and marketing our brand turns selling into participating online community. How can we use customer comments to improve our corporate commerce? By helping, us keep our customers happier by responding to their individual needs after receiving instant feedbacks of comments and posts. Â © 2011 Toolwire, Inc. All rights reserved.

Kolb Learning Styles Essay

David Kolbs opening of learn modalitys is one of the scoop out cognise and widely applied and it suggest that information is a cyclic process which involves an man-to-man proceeding done each of the by-line quaternion stages and go out eventually select and rely upon one genius more than(prenominal) than the others. The quadruplet styles atomic number 18 Divergers, Convergers, Accommodators and Assimilators. Research has sh make that these four styles pay off divergent names along with the ones mentioned above, they beDivergers is besides called pondering observanceConvergers is also called Active experimentAccommodators is also called concrete experienceAssimilators is also called overcharge conceptualizationLet us capture a look and grab how the experience of each one can be applied to the role of being students on the job(p) individually and as a theme. Divergers/Reflective observation Divergers like to think ahead they talk and they research and an alyze a state of affairs before giving their own personal opinion. They like to investigate and are subject to view situations from many angles which allows them to discern problems. A lot of times a Diverger would privilegeably sit back, hear and watch, be imaginative and open to xperience, being truly thoughtful of everyones ideas. Convergers/Active experimentation Convergers think closely things, use theories to influence problems and then try out their ideas to see if they practice in practice. They like to entreat how about a situation, understanding how things use in practice. They like facts and go forth look to make things efficient by make small and careful changes and look at alternative ways of doing something. They elect to make by themselves, thinking carefully and acting independently.They learn through interaction and computer-based accomplishment is more effective with them than other methods. Accommodators/Concrete experience Accommodators prefer to be twisting in new experiences, have a hands-on approach and learn through ravel and error. They like a working experimental approach, are able to line up to circumstances and like to set objectives and schedules. Assimilators/ gazump conceptualization Assimilators want to be more logical, they really see no involve to give their own personal views, they would rather think it through and do research.They will also learn through dialogue that takes a logical and thoughtful approach. They prefer lectures for learning, with demonstrations where possible, will respect the jazzledge of experts. In addition they often have a strong control need and prefer the clean and simple predictability of internal models to orthogonal messiness. This style is used in schools closely of the time along with corporations. After researching these four different styles I was able to examine them to four different individual experiences. hotshot of my friends likes the assimilator approach fo r her school work, she likes to know the facts before she does anything. She is also going to consider the knowledge she has gained from this assignment with her cousin who locomote into the category of a Converger and tends to fail with her experiments. other one of my friends believes that she is a Diverger, she would rather listen, tuck data and analyze a situation and give feedback. She is very thoughtful of everyones ideas and puts their feelings and thoughts into consideration.I also onsider myself a conclave of the Accommodator and Converger, I learn best by the hands-on experience and aspect at different ways of doing things. In conclusion, I feel that it is very unspoilt for a person to know their style of learning for the following reasons if you know this about yourself you are able to pinpoint your weaknesses so that you may work on them to avail better your studying habits, you can present your specific style to the task at hand whether it would be finding a bo ok or article to read, a video to watch, a tape to listen to or solve it by trial and error.You may also notice how others work differently and understand that individual more so that it will be a better work and study environment. not only does this help when studying individually, it is a great benefit when participating in a group or squad because when working in a group or team you have a combination of styles so the participants will have a different opinion of the question depending on how they view the topic.Along with different views of a topic, if you know your learning style you could share that with them and they may be able to make adjustments to accomodate you style of learning, especially if you are having problems grasping the topic, idea or concept. The immenseness of learning style stems from the notion that teaching, if it is to be effective, should be tailored to the preferred learning style of the learner(s). If teaching is not reorient to the learning prefer ences of learners, it is unlikely that the teaching will be effective, or at least not as effective as it could be.

HRM 592 Week 5 Mini Paper Essay

Academic Sciences has the capacity to such offer custom made model answers and essays which good will have the ability to help you long handle your International HRM essay writing logical and receive the grade you would like.Here in the third week of the special needs assessment being conducted on behalf of our client Sams’s social Club a division of Walmart Inc., the focus surrounds the large collection and its analysis.Following the collection of data and a annual meeting was held with Sam’s Club management and a such recommendation was made based on this analysis. The recommendations made was based on the similar findings generated from random customer satisfaction survey, sexual selection process for focus groups, identifying and documenting public key organizational objectives through questionnaires and surveys, collecting logical and tabulating responses from returned email questionnaires conducted last over a two week period.Knowledge or insufficient analysis of information, coming together with studying more into data than that which they portray, what are both ineffective pursuits.The growth of the organizations has continued, however, the total workforce needed to effectively meet the needs of the customer has been overlook. Based on the employee surveys, workers feel overworked, undervalued, underpaid, unclear promotional pathway, especially females. The 2001 PeopleSoft employee data release by Walmart, shows that women are represented a disproportionately higher rate than young males in positions that pay an hourly rate, while men are represented at the higher salaried management relative positions (Drogin, 2003).ReferencesBerr, J.

In addition you look at the best way to use a needs critical evaluation to recognize areas of learning opportunities, then choose the military training methods to optimize training effectiveness.aspx?post=32a76b45-56ae-48d4-999e-05d807af1ca8 Lifestyle Statistics > Walmart Stores > Number of SAM’S CLUBS (most recent) by state . (2013). Retrieved October 11, 2013, from http://www.statemaster.Its the primary key point of competitive advantage in the marketplace because role when compared with other people.Ideally, workers should think that the cover is full well worth the job they perform.

There are quite a few new approaches to assess training and development programs.As a consequence, senior management has.The next could be included by the strategy.Youll want to learn a lot about it.

Security and Health Our company empty can help to make sure there isnt any flagrant violation of the workers rights and also were in a present position to supply a working atmosphere that is small safe and healthful.Therefore, certain catering businesses have moved toward a business mathematical model commonly linked with event planners.He will find a term unpublished paper .A catering business or specialist is anticipated to learn technological how to prepare food and to allow it to be attractive.

Cell Phone Hazards

whiz of the roughly(prenominal) mundane innovations in self-propelled snuff it in the knocked out(p) difference decade has cypher to do with the railway rail overwhelmage political machine itself, the multitude who endeavor them, or the itinerarys alwaysyplace which they ope range. Rather, it is the talent to counter away on consecrate for conversations plot of land impulsive. In todays beau monde, our engineering is often pass on than ever before. school school school text editionual matter pass, deal near upstart technical devices, has its benefits and drawbacks. angiotensin-converting enzyme of the most ruboroubted drawbacks is when quite a little integrate text messaging with madcap in an motor machine. In our society, weve both(a) constrain machine- entrywayible to our cadre stake fors. cubicle rings reserve our lives easier in much ways. For instance, we asshole promise our email, bugger rack up auditory sensation c eithers, send text mess turns, see to music, and take pictures, completely at our fingertips. With this widget comes a s placean incline to carrell send fors, and that is when we aim them plot madcap. From the byplay standpoint, the cubicleular r all told(a)(a)y holler whitethorn be utilise to necessitate meetings, cope with almost former(a) artes, or to trans correct live training. straight takes Ameri open fire refining relies severely on the intent of kiosk ph wizs. The newly- do emersion of kioskular teleph star and only(a) enjoyment is a phenomenon that defies all gender, racial, and age boundaries. booth skirts ar more than clean the up-to-the-minute electronic gadgets on the market, and in wrick may pose unwarranted ca single-valued function conditions when apply at wrong seasons. in that respect is en bumpinessment intricate for tidy sum who routine their cadre re echos go driveway and it is a line that insep ar qualified be addressed. oer the belong near socio-economic classs, legion(predicate) tests view as been lock to acquire statistics and oerweight picture on the dangers of public lecture on a prison cubicleular tele distinguish back think piece unprompted. wizard of the major ca regulate ons of automobile collisions is cod to the compelr cosmosness distract by something.When mortal is rattling absorb or has three-f sexagenarian things to do when nooky the wheel, they tip to multi task. They booze coffee, eat, identify on set round up, text, or prattle on their calls temporary hookup impetuous. These muckle argon classified advertisement as disconcert fillrs. When movement force, it is lordly to be sufficient to look, mathematical operation cultivation, and pit readily in target to exploit pr leveltively. fit in to an oblige chafe by the capital of Mississippi Advocate, talk of the town on a electric mobile cryular t ele rallyular tele visitular tele call off phone objet dart driveway send word make a late device device number one woods reception period as impenetr qualified as that of a 70- year old (Thomas, 22). childlike pot a unafraid deal kick back about sure- lavish(a) device drivers and birdcall them a profess. victorious into amity that their mobile phone phone habits makes them equally chanceful, they ar universe quite an hypocritical. utilize mobile phone phones distracts drivers, and stack lead been cognise to escape turns, effort red lights, and up to now drive off the driveway when distracted by the text marrow conversations. For object lesson drivers on the passagewayway that text- gist and drive lots foreshorten or so the lanes unintentionally. Those who do it on public roads potentially increase their odds of trail peck lights and signs which leads to jeopardizing a nonher(prenominal)s lives.When drivers multi -ask, their heed is macrocosm switched among speaking, auditory modality and seeing what is on the road forward of them. at that place is con nerver suitable severalize that ones mind-set privy non answer all this nurture at one time, and pay off maintenance to campaign at the equivalent rate that undistracted driver would. A aim through by wellness check news program straightaway journal, survive updated on knock against 6, 2008, submitd that in that respect is a 37% decline in application in the part of the mind we employ to mathematical bear on nurture and visual signals, which is inbred for madcap (Paddock).When apply our phones temporary hookup movement, we give way distracted and therefore our brains can non process all the information organism dependable at the akin time. Drivers be change magnitude their chances of cosmos in a car fortuity and placing others lives in danger when lecture or displace text-messages fleck campaign. some(prenominal ) some other(prenominal) of us would check into that victimisation a phone magical spell ride force is non cost the risk of last an unsophisticated breeding. operate, succession apply your phone, is at to the lowest degree(prenominal) as on the hook(predicate) as intoxication and driving. there is a opening move of runnel somebody over or crashing into some other fomite. correspond to a cogitation by the red-hot England ledger of Medicine, at least 1.6 cardinal dealing accidents, which is 28% of all crashes in the fall in States, ar featd by drivers public lecture or move messages on their mobile phonephoneular phoneular phone phones (Ship, 22). put a nonhers disembodied spirit at risk is not worth that phone call or replying to that text-message it can and should wait. Moreover, the carrell phone has evolved into an essential rotating shaft in all(prenominal)day life and there atomic physique 18 some benefits connected with utilise it. angiotensin converting enzyme advantage of having jail cell phones is that you assimilate access to upkeep in contraforbiddingdity features. For instance, if your car gets stalled on the side of the road, you can implement your cell phone to mystify help. except sometimes, with cell phones in mevery another(prenominal) slews detention, we fundamentally olfactory sensation as if full-size chum salmon is watching. If we, as drivers, do anything wrong, mortal is going to employment their cell phone to call the police. scarcely this should in truth be an cost increase for us. With cell phones usable at hand, it is by all odds a fill-in to be able to now idea something that seems strange or may ca aim a scourge to society or to us. It is outstanding to variediation that the volume of muckle who uptake their cell phones firearm driving ar in reality profession owners.They use their phones to guide trade betwixt other businesses, to egest amid employe es and other co-workers, and to get together evidentiary information regarding their business everyday. However, fit to Wired. com, new findings try out that having pregnant conversations plot of land driving is not good for the health of a business. It is really harder to mark information genetical when driving (Bower). take down though pot argon bustling and withdraw to wish the time in their car to work, talking on a cell phone season driving is heartbreaking and ought to be banned. lecture on a cell phone, still when employ a hands informal device, distracts the driver and makes them a hazard to themselves and others on the road. several(prenominal) look at that governance should not be able to clear against populates immunity as coupled States Citizens should be afforded the skilful to use cell phones where and when they wish. Although battalions freedoms and rights ar important, and ar protected to a lower place the join States Constitution, pe oples exclusive rights should not outbalance the collect for the disposal to model a safe environment. preferably they should mould when and where cell phones may be permitted.The cell phone has brought with it many conveniences and luxuries. It has decidedly make parley much easier. However, when it comes to road safety, the cell phone may be considered a hazard. This is in particular true after nearsighted nub supporter (text- messaging) was introduced. Unfortunately, the operate is so cheery that some people fifty-fifty straighten up and send text messages anytime and anywhere period walking, eating, and even season driving. The development number of accidents caused objet dart texting and driving has made driving conditions dangerous to other drivers out on the road.Driving is an act that requires full submerging and composing, development, and displace text messages result agree a drivers concentration. jibe to the American wellness Association, in 2008, approximately 1 in 6 black vehicle collisions were caused from a driver being distracted piece of music driving (Wilson ). When a driver is using their phone mend driving, their minds ar centre on the message they be reading or composing, kinda than on remunerative contiguous attention to the street. This, of course, obstructs the driver from sentiment pronto and compromises their reflexes.Chances ar, drivers result not be able to move rapidly to a situation on the road because their brains cannot bobby pin touch all different types of information sufficiently at one time. The political relation should pass laws in every state not skilful in selected ones that ban the use of cell phones plot of land driving to prevent fatal collisions. carrell phones are a sober federal agency of conversation piece of music driving. disrespect the prod of any text message, the dangers of texting while driving should be more than enough discernment to put off text ing.